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QuizTraffic rulesJapan

This interesting quiz helps you test your knowledge in a clear and visual way. With easy multiple-choice questions, you can quickly build confidence and learn new facts while keeping it simple, interactive, and fun.

Traffic signs
Traffic rules
Japan
True/false 17 Japan 22 Car controls 109 Dashboard lights 40 Priority rules 9 Pedestrians 19 Cyclists 20 Show all 589
Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

351. Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

✓ You need enough space to react if traffic slows or stops.
To make it easier for other vehicles to overtake.
Because vehicles ahead cannot see you in their mirrors.
Because tunnels usually have a poor road surface.

Limited space and visibility can make incidents inside tunnels especially dangerous. A safe gap gives you more time to react.

Gap between vehicles travelling through a tunnel
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should cyclists avoid riding in a large vehicle's blind spot?

352. Why should cyclists avoid riding in a large vehicle's blind spot?

✓ The driver may not be able to see them.
Large vehicles always have priority when turning.
Cyclists must always stay behind large vehicles.
Blind spots matter only when a vehicle is reversing.

Buses and trucks have large areas where the driver cannot see cyclists, especially beside the vehicle and near turns.

Cyclist in a large vehicle's blind spot
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you check after fitting a child restraint?

353. What should you check after fitting a child restraint?

That the restraint can move freely on the seat.
That the seat belt is routed in any convenient way.
✓ That it is securely installed and correctly fitted.
That the child can easily loosen the harness.

A child restraint should be installed securely and used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Check that the seat is firmly attached, the belt or ISOFIX connection is correct, and the child is restrained properly before driving.

Checking the installation of a child car seat
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your headlights fail while driving at night?

354. What should you do if your headlights fail while driving at night?

Follow another vehicle closely for visibility.
Use hazard lights and continue to your destination.
Stop immediately in the traffic lane.
✓ Reduce speed and stop safely using any remaining lights or hazard lights.

Without effective headlights, you may not see hazards and other road users may not see you. Stop in a safe location as soon as possible.

Vehicle with failed headlights at night
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should a cyclist react to a pothole?

355. How should a cyclist react to a pothole?

✓ Check surroundings, reduce speed, and avoid it smoothly.
Keep your speed and pass as close as possible.
Swerve around it as soon as you notice it.
Focus only on the pothole and not the traffic around you.

Sudden swerving can place you in the path of traffic. Check your surroundings and change direction gradually.

Cyclist approaching a pothole
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should headlights, indicators, and other exterior lights be kept clean and working?

356. Why should headlights, indicators, and other exterior lights be kept clean and working?

They prevent the windscreen from misting.
✓ They help you see, be seen, and communicate your intentions.
They improve braking performance in poor weather.
They only need to work when you drive at night.

Dirty or faulty lights reduce visibility and make it harder for other road users to understand when you are braking, turning, reversing, or changing position.

Checking and cleaning a vehicle's exterior lights
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before driving away after charging an electric vehicle?

357. What should you do before driving away after charging an electric vehicle?

Place the cable loosely beside the charging bay.
Drive forward slowly to disconnect the plug.
✓ Disconnect the charging cable and secure it properly.
Leave the cable connected until the vehicle starts moving.

Before driving away, disconnect the charging cable correctly and return it to the charger or store it securely in the vehicle, as appropriate. Close the charging port and check that the area around the vehicle is clear.

Disconnecting an electric vehicle after charging
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should loose items inside a vehicle be secured?

358. Why should loose items inside a vehicle be secured?

They can reduce tyre pressure while driving.
They can make the engine overheat.
They can interfere with the vehicle's exterior lights.
✓ They can become dangerous projectiles during sudden braking or a collision.

Loose objects can move or be thrown forwards during sudden braking or a collision. Secure luggage and other items so they cannot injure occupants or interfere with the driver or vehicle controls.

Loose luggage and objects inside a vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you take extra care if oil or diesel is spilled on the road?

359. Why should you take extra care if oil or diesel is spilled on the road?

It can make the road surface much softer.
It can make the brakes overheat.
✓ It can make the road extremely slippery.
It can damage road markings immediately.

Oil, diesel and other fluids can create a very slippery road surface, particularly for motorcycles and bicycles. Reduce speed, avoid sudden braking or steering and keep the vehicle as stable as possible when crossing a contaminated area.

Oil or diesel spilled on a road surface
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when following a cyclist on a narrow road?

360. What should you do when following a cyclist on a narrow road?

Overtake as soon as your vehicle can fit past.
Sound your horn so the cyclist moves aside.
Pass even if you cannot leave much space.
✓ Keep a safe distance and overtake only when there is enough space.

Cyclists may need to avoid potholes, drains, or wind gusts. Keep distance and only pass when you can leave plenty of space.

Vehicle following a cyclist on a narrow road
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do with a manual parking brake before driving away?

361. What should you do with a manual parking brake before driving away?

Apply it only after moving off.
✓ Release it fully.
Leave it partly applied.
Pull it up further.

The manual parking brake should be released fully before driving away. Driving with it partly applied can cause unnecessary brake wear and overheating.

Releasing a manual handbrake before driving away
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Should motorcyclists wear protective clothing?

362. Should motorcyclists wear protective clothing?

No, protective clothing is only needed in bad weather.
No, it is only useful when riding at high speeds.
Yes, but only when riding on motorways.
✓ Yes, it can reduce injuries from falls and contact with the road.

Motorcyclists should wear protective clothing because it can reduce injuries from falls, impacts and sliding on the road. Suitable jackets, trousers, gloves and boots provide additional protection, but they do not replace a securely fitted helmet or safe riding.

Motorcyclist wearing protective riding clothing
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when walking near a driveway?

363. What should you do when walking near a driveway?

Assume vehicles will stop before crossing your path.
✓ Watch for vehicles entering or leaving.
Rely on engine noise to warn you of vehicles.
Cross the driveway quickly without checking.

Vehicles may enter or leave driveways suddenly. Stay alert and check for moving vehicles.

Pedestrian passing a driveway entrance
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you expect if the engine suddenly stalls while the vehicle is moving?

364. What should you expect if the engine suddenly stalls while the vehicle is moving?

✓ Steering and braking may require more effort, so move to a safe place.
Power assistance will continue working normally.
The steering will become lighter as the vehicle slows.
The steering and brakes will stop working completely.

Power assistance may be reduced when the engine stops. Keep control, use the hazard lights if needed, and steer toward a safe stopping area.

Driver responding to an engine stall while moving
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
You should stay focused on the road and avoid unnecessary distractions.

365. You should stay focused on the road and avoid unnecessary distractions.

False.
✓ True.

Distractions reduce awareness and reaction time, making driving more dangerous.

Driver keeping attention on the road ahead
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
You should adjust your mirrors before you start driving.

366. You should adjust your mirrors before you start driving.

✓ True.
False.

Properly adjusted mirrors improve visibility and help you monitor traffic around your vehicle.

Driver adjusting a mirror before setting off
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you keep a dog on a leash near traffic?

367. Why should you keep a dog on a leash near traffic?

To make approaching vehicles drive more slowly.
✓ To prevent it from suddenly running into the road.
To make it easier for drivers to hear the dog.
To give the dog priority when crossing the road.

Dogs can react unpredictably to vehicles, people, noises, or other animals. Keeping a dog under close control on a leash near traffic reduces the risk of it suddenly entering the road and endangering itself or other road users.

Pedestrian keeping a dog on a leash near traffic
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which signs may indicate that you are becoming too tired to drive safely?

368. Which signs may indicate that you are becoming too tired to drive safely?

Wanting to adjust the cabin temperature.
Feeling comfortable and relaxed.
✓ Yawning, heavy eyelids, and difficulty concentrating.
Feeling hungry and slightly thirsty.

Warning signs of driver fatigue can include repeated yawning, heavy eyelids, difficulty concentrating, wandering thoughts, and trouble maintaining a steady road position. These signs mean you should stop and rest before continuing.

Driver showing signs of fatigue
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid braking hard on a curve?

369. Why should you avoid braking hard on a curve?

✓ It can reduce control and increase the risk of skidding.
It can make the tyres grip the road more strongly.
It can make the vehicle accelerate more slowly afterwards.
It can make the steering feel heavier.

Hard braking on a curve can upset the vehicle's balance and reduce grip. Slow down before the curve and steer smoothly.

Vehicle braking while negotiating a bend
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should cyclists avoid using a handheld phone?

370. Why should cyclists avoid using a handheld phone?

✓ It reduces your control and attention.
Because a phone may be used only at low speeds.
Because phones can interfere with bicycle electronics.
Because phone signals can interfere with traffic lights.

Using a phone can distract you and may prevent you from steering, braking, or reacting properly.

Cyclist using a handheld phone
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your vehicle breaks down inside a road tunnel?

371. What should you do if your vehicle breaks down inside a road tunnel?

Reverse toward the tunnel entrance if traffic is light.
✓ Move aside if possible, use hazard lights, and call for assistance.
Make a U-turn and drive toward the nearest exit.
Stay in the traffic lane and wait without using hazard lights.

If possible, stop in an emergency bay or another safe place and use the hazard lights. Contact tunnel control using an emergency telephone or other available assistance system, and follow the tunnel signs and instructions.

Broken-down vehicle inside a road tunnel
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if EV charging equipment becomes unusually hot or smells burnt?

372. What should you do if EV charging equipment becomes unusually hot or smells burnt?

Keep charging until the vehicle reaches full charge.
Cover the equipment to contain the heat.
Pour water over the equipment to cool it.
✓ Stop the charging session, keep clear, and report the fault.

Unusual heat, a burning smell, smoke, sparks, or repeated charging faults can indicate an electrical problem. Stop using the charging equipment if it is safe to do so, keep clear of anything damaged or overheating, and report the fault or seek appropriate assistance.

Faulty electric-vehicle charging equipment
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should cyclists do near a large vehicle that may be turning?

373. What should cyclists do near a large vehicle that may be turning?

Pass quickly before the vehicle starts turning.
Assume the driver will wait for you before turning.
✓ Stay back and do not pass on the turning side.
Ride beside it so the driver can see you.

Large vehicles need extra space to turn and may move across a cyclist's path. Remaining behind is usually safer.

Cyclist near a turning large vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you normally select before leaving an automatic vehicle parked?

374. What should you normally select before leaving an automatic vehicle parked?

N (Neutral).
✓ P (Park).
R (Reverse).
D (Drive).

Select P (Park) before leaving an automatic vehicle parked. Park locks the transmission to help prevent the vehicle from rolling; the parking brake should also be applied.

Park position on an automatic gear selector
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should a motorcyclist react to grooves or ruts in the road?

375. How should a motorcyclist react to grooves or ruts in the road?

Accelerate sharply to cross them quickly.
Grip the handlebars as tightly as possible.
✓ Reduce speed and keep a relaxed, steady grip.
Make quick steering corrections as the bike moves.

Longitudinal grooves or ruts can affect a motorcycle's steering and may make the wheels follow the uneven surface. Reduce speed where necessary, keep a relaxed but steady grip and avoid sudden braking, acceleration or steering corrections.

Motorcyclist approaching grooves in the road surface
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why must you avoid smoking or open flames at a filling station?

376. Why must you avoid smoking or open flames at a filling station?

✓ Fuel vapours can ignite and cause a fire.
Open flames can reduce the fuel's quality.
Smoke can prevent the fuel cap from sealing.
Smoke can interfere with the fuel gauge.

Petrol and other fuels can produce flammable vapours. Smoking, open flames, sparks, or other ignition sources can ignite these vapours and cause a serious fire. Follow all filling-station safety rules while refuelling.

No-smoking warning at a filling station
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if traffic stops inside a tunnel?

377. What should you do if traffic stops inside a tunnel?

Sound the horn continuously until traffic moves.
Reverse toward the tunnel entrance.
✓ Stop at a safe distance and follow signals or instructions.
Drive onto the pedestrian walkway.

Remain calm, keep space from the vehicle ahead, and obey traffic signals, signs, or instructions from tunnel staff.

Traffic stopped inside a road tunnel
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How can a heavy load affect stopping distance?

378. How can a heavy load affect stopping distance?

✓ It can increase the distance needed to stop.
It always shortens the stopping distance.
It affects stopping distance only on steep roads.
It makes the brakes respond more quickly.

A heavily loaded vehicle has more mass and may require additional distance to slow down or stop safely.

Loaded vehicle and the space needed for braking
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should an EV charging cable be positioned where pedestrians may pass?

379. How should an EV charging cable be positioned where pedestrians may pass?

Across the pavement where it is easiest to see.
Loose on the ground so pedestrians can step over it.
Around nearby street furniture to keep it under tension.
✓ So it does not create a trip hazard or obstruct the route.

An EV charging cable should be positioned so it does not create a trip hazard or unnecessarily obstruct pedestrians. Where a cable must cross a walking route, use an appropriate approved cable-management or protection system and follow local requirements.

Charging cable near a pedestrian route
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How can alcohol affect your driving ability?

380. How can alcohol affect your driving ability?

It improves your ability to judge distance.
✓ It can reduce judgement, coordination, and reaction speed.
It has no effect if you drive slowly.
It improves your vision in poor light.

Alcohol affects several abilities needed for safe driving, including concentration, decision-making, coordination, and hazard perception.

Alcohol impairment and driving ability
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Where should you go after safely leaving a disabled vehicle in a tunnel?

381. Where should you go after safely leaving a disabled vehicle in a tunnel?

✓ To a protected emergency area or exit away from traffic.
Remain beside the vehicle and wait for assistance.
Stay close to the vehicle until traffic starts moving.
Wait directly behind the vehicle where drivers can see you.

Move away from live traffic and use a marked emergency exit, refuge area, or protected walkway where available.

Leaving a disabled vehicle for a tunnel emergency area
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

382. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

✓ Low engine oil level.
Charging-system warning.
Low coolant level.
Low oil pressure.

This symbol indicates that the engine oil level is low. Check the oil level according to the manufacturer's instructions and add the correct oil if necessary.

Low oil-level warning symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if an overtaking vehicle is coming toward you?

383. What should you do if an overtaking vehicle is coming toward you?

Maintain your speed and expect the other driver to return to their lane.
Brake sharply as soon as the vehicle enters your lane.
✓ Slow down and move slightly aside if safe.
Move closer to the centre so the other driver notices you.

If an oncoming vehicle creates danger while overtaking, reduce speed and make space if it is safe to do so. Avoid sudden movements that could create an additional hazard.

Oncoming vehicle overtaking into the driver's lane
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does pulling the lighting stalk towards you normally do?

384. What does pulling the lighting stalk towards you normally do?

Switch on the dipped headlights.
Activate the direction indicators.
✓ Flash the main-beam headlights.
Activate the hazard warning lights.

Pulling the lighting stalk towards you normally flashes the main-beam headlights. This briefly illuminates the main beam while the stalk is held or operated.

Lighting stalk used to flash the main-beam headlights
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you be careful when taking more than one medicine before driving?

385. Why should you be careful when taking more than one medicine before driving?

✓ Their combined effects may impair your ability to drive.
They may interfere with the vehicle's electronics.
They may make the vehicle use more fuel.
They can change the tyre pressure.

Different medicines can interact or have combined side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or slower reactions. Check the instructions and seek advice from a doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure whether it is safe to drive.

Multiple medicines and their potential effects on driving
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if you smell fuel or see fuel leaking from your vehicle?

386. What should you do if you smell fuel or see fuel leaking from your vehicle?

Drive slowly to the nearest fuel station.
Wash the leaking fuel away with water.
Ignore a small leak if the fuel level remains stable.
✓ Stop, switch off the engine, avoid flames or sparks, and call for assistance.

Leaking fuel creates a serious fire risk. Keep people away, do not restart the engine, and arrange professional assistance.

Fuel leaking from a vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid remaining beside a large vehicle on a motorway?

387. Why should you avoid remaining beside a large vehicle on a motorway?

Large vehicles cannot change lanes at motorway speeds.
Large vehicles always travel more slowly than cars.
✓ You may remain in its blind spot and have less room to escape.
Driving beside them improves your view of the road ahead.

Large vehicles have significant blind spots. Avoid travelling alongside them longer than necessary.

Vehicle alongside a large vehicle on a motorway
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the purpose of the manual parking brake?

388. What is the purpose of the manual parking brake?

To disengage the clutch.
To slow the vehicle during normal driving.
To select reverse gear.
✓ To help keep the vehicle stationary when parked.

The manual parking brake helps keep the vehicle stationary when parked. It is normally applied by pulling up the handbrake lever and released before driving away.

Manual handbrake lever in a vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should a motorcyclist do in strong crosswinds?

389. What should a motorcyclist do in strong crosswinds?

Make sudden steering movements whenever the wind changes.
Accelerate to get through the windy area quickly.
✓ Reduce speed and be prepared for sudden gusts.
Follow a large vehicle closely for protection from the wind.

Strong crosswinds can push a motorcycle sideways and sudden gusts can affect its stability. Reduce speed, keep a steady grip on the handlebars and allow extra space, especially on exposed roads, bridges, or when passing gaps and large vehicles.

Motorcyclist riding in strong crosswinds
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

390. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Air recirculation.
✓ Cabin fan speed.
Seat heating.
Air conditioning.

This control adjusts the cabin ventilation fan speed. Increasing the setting moves more air through the vehicle's ventilation and climate-control system.

Control for adjusting the cabin fan speed
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which control activates all direction indicators at the same time?

391. Which control activates all direction indicators at the same time?

The rear-window demister.
The headlight switch.
✓ The hazard warning light switch.
The parking-brake control.

The hazard warning light switch activates all direction indicators at the same time to warn other road users of a hazard or emergency.

Hazard warning light switch and triangle symbol
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if traffic ahead is blocking a junction?

392. What should you do if traffic ahead is blocking a junction?

✓ Wait until there is enough space to clear the junction.
Use the horn so traffic ahead moves forward.
Enter if the traffic light is green.
Enter the junction and wait for traffic to move.

Do not enter a junction if traffic ahead prevents you from clearing it safely. Waiting before the junction helps avoid blocking crossing traffic, pedestrians, cyclists, or other road users.

Queue of traffic blocking a junction
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which selector position is used when parking the vehicle?

393. Which selector position is used when parking the vehicle?

D (Drive).
N (Neutral).
✓ P (Park).
R (Reverse).

Select P (Park) when parking an automatic vehicle. Park locks the transmission, but the parking brake should also be applied to secure the vehicle.

Automatic gear selector with P, R, N and D positions
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is black ice?

394. What is black ice?

Snow mixed with road dirt.
Ice that forms only during darkness.
Frozen mud covering the road surface.
✓ A thin, often transparent layer of ice that can be difficult to see.

Black ice is difficult to detect because the road surface may look merely wet. It can cause a sudden and severe loss of grip.

Thin ice covering a road surface
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
You should always wear a seat belt, even on short trips.

395. You should always wear a seat belt, even on short trips.

False.
✓ True.

Seat belts reduce the risk of serious injury and should be worn on every trip, even short ones.

Driver wearing a seat belt for a car journey
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should the interior rear-view mirror be adjusted?

396. How should the interior rear-view mirror be adjusted?

To show the driver's face.
To show mainly the rear seats.
✓ To give a clear view through the rear window.
To point towards the left door mirror.

Adjust the interior rear-view mirror before driving so that you have a clear view through the rear window without needing to move your head significantly.

Adjusting the interior rear-view mirror
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What information is needed when requesting emergency assistance?

397. What information is needed when requesting emergency assistance?

Your name, destination, and planned route.
Only the road name and nearest town.
✓ Your exact location, direction of travel, vehicle details, and the problem.
Your insurance details and last service date.

Road numbers, junctions, location markers, direction of travel, and a clear description of the incident help assistance reach you quickly.

Requesting help after a vehicle breakdown
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How can higher speed affect fuel or energy consumption?

398. How can higher speed affect fuel or energy consumption?

✓ It can increase consumption because air resistance rises.
It has no effect once the vehicle is moving.
It always reduces consumption.
It improves tyre efficiency in every situation.

As speed increases, aerodynamic resistance generally rises, so the vehicle needs more energy to maintain that speed. Driving smoothly at an appropriate speed can therefore reduce fuel or energy consumption.

Vehicle speed and aerodynamic resistance
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before joining a motorway?

399. What should you do before joining a motorway?

Move onto the motorway as soon as the lane markings allow.
Signal and expect motorway traffic to make space for you.
Wait until the end of the slip road before checking for a gap.
✓ Check your mirrors and blind spot, signal, and look for a safe gap.

Observe motorway traffic early, signal clearly, and merge only when there is a safe gap.

Driver checking motorway traffic before merging
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

400. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Seat-belt reminder.
Child safety lock.
Central door locking.
✓ Passenger airbag deactivation.

This control allows the front passenger airbag to be deactivated on vehicles equipped with this function. The airbag must be deactivated when a rear-facing child restraint is used on the front passenger seat.

Front passenger airbag deactivation control
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA