QuizTraffic rulesPoland

This interesting quiz helps you test your knowledge in a clear and visual way. With easy multiple-choice questions, you can quickly build confidence and learn new facts while keeping it simple, interactive, and fun.


What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

51. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Front fog lights.
Dipped headlights.
✓ Main beam.
Sidelights.

This symbol indicates that the main beam headlights are switched on. Main beam illuminates the road farther ahead but can dazzle other road users, so it should be changed to dipped headlights when necessary.

Main-beam headlight symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the purpose of the manual parking brake?

52. What is the purpose of the manual parking brake?

To select reverse gear.
✓ To help keep the vehicle stationary when parked.
To disengage the clutch.
To slow the vehicle during normal driving.

The manual parking brake helps keep the vehicle stationary when parked. It is normally applied by pulling up the handbrake lever and released before driving away.

Manual handbrake lever in a vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the minimum licence for a 125 cm³, 11 kW motorcycle at 0.1 kW/kg?

53. What is the minimum licence for a 125 cm³, 11 kW motorcycle at 0.1 kW/kg?

Licence A2.
✓ Licence A1.
Licence AM.
Licence A.

Category A1 covers motorcycles with an engine capacity not exceeding 125 cm³, power not exceeding 11 kW, and a power-to-weight ratio not exceeding 0.1 kW/kg.

125 cm³ motorcycle for category A1
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you obey traffic signs?

54. Why should you obey traffic signs?

To make sure you always have priority.
To let you drive at the maximum permitted speed.
✓ To improve safety for everyone.
To make other drivers responsible for your safety.

Traffic signs help organise traffic and improve safety for drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians.

Traffic signs using Vienna-style designs
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why does higher speed increase the risk of aquaplaning?

55. Why does higher speed increase the risk of aquaplaning?

Higher speed increases the tyre pressure.
✓ The tyres have less time to clear water from the road surface.
The vehicle becomes heavier as speed increases.
The brakes cannot remove water from the tyres.

At higher speeds, the tyres may not disperse water effectively, making it easier for the vehicle to lose contact with the road.

Vehicle speed and aquaplaning on a wet road
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

56. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

✓ Cabin temperature adjustment.
Air recirculation.
Seat heating.
Cabin fan speed.

This control adjusts the temperature of the air supplied to the cabin. Turning it towards the blue side lowers the selected temperature, while turning it towards the red side raises it.

Control for adjusting the cabin temperature
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you check before starting a manual vehicle?

57. What should you check before starting a manual vehicle?

That reverse gear is selected.
That first gear is selected and the accelerator is pressed.
✓ That the gearbox is in neutral and the clutch is pressed.
That the parking brake is released.

Before starting a manual vehicle, make sure the gearbox is in neutral and press the clutch pedal. This helps prevent the vehicle from moving unexpectedly when the engine starts.

Clutch and gear checks before starting a manual vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a large animal suddenly enters your path?

58. What should you do if a large animal suddenly enters your path?

Turn suddenly toward the roadside.
Release the steering wheel and brake hard.
Accelerate to pass before the animal moves.
✓ Brake firmly while keeping control of the vehicle.

If a large animal enters the road, brake firmly while keeping the vehicle under control. Avoid sudden swerving, as this can cause you to lose control or collide with other traffic.

Large animal entering a vehicle's path
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What may happen when you press the accelerator fully in an automatic vehicle?

59. What may happen when you press the accelerator fully in an automatic vehicle?

✓ The transmission may shift to a lower gear for stronger acceleration.
The parking brake applies automatically.
The transmission selects Park.
The engine switches off.

In many automatic vehicles, pressing the accelerator fully can activate kickdown, causing the transmission to select a lower gear and provide stronger acceleration.

Accelerator-pedal operation for automatic kickdown
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Does driving at the speed limit always mean your speed is safe?

60. Does driving at the speed limit always mean your speed is safe?

Yes, the speed limit is always the safest speed.
Yes, if your vehicle is in good condition.
✓ No, you may need to drive more slowly for the conditions.
Only when driving outside built-up areas.

A speed limit is a maximum permitted speed, not a target. You may need to drive more slowly because of traffic, poor visibility, weather, road conditions, pedestrians, cyclists, or other hazards.

Speed-limit sign and changing road conditions
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which factors can increase a vehicle's stopping distance?

61. Which factors can increase a vehicle's stopping distance?

Using dipped headlights and keeping the windows closed.
Driving in a lower gear and using the indicators.
Having a full fuel tank and adjusted mirrors.
✓ Higher speed, slower reactions, poor grip, and vehicle condition.

Stopping distance can increase because of higher speed, slower driver reactions, reduced tyre grip, poor weather or road conditions, worn tyres, weak brakes, or a heavier vehicle. Both the driver's reaction distance and the vehicle's braking distance can be affected.

Road and vehicle conditions affecting stopping distance
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

62. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Windscreen washer.
✓ Front windscreen demister.
Air recirculation.
Rear window demister.

This symbol indicates the front windscreen demister. It directs airflow towards the windscreen to help clear condensation, mist or frost and restore a clear view.

Front windscreen demister symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if another vehicle is signalling to turn?

63. What should you do if another vehicle is signalling to turn?

Use your horn and proceed immediately.
Assume the driver has seen you.
Enter the road before the vehicle reaches you.
✓ Do not rely on the signal alone, proceed only when it is safe.

An indicator shows an intention, but it does not guarantee that the driver will turn. The signal may have been left on accidentally or the driver's intentions may change. Observe the vehicle's speed and position and proceed only when you are sure it is safe.

Another vehicle signalling to turn
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if the oil-pressure warning light stays on?

64. What should you do if the oil-pressure warning light stays on?

Increase the engine speed until the light goes out.
Add engine oil while the engine is still running.
✓ Stop safely, switch off the engine, and seek assistance.
Continue slowly until you reach a service station.

Low oil pressure can quickly cause severe engine damage. Stop as soon as it is safe, switch off the engine, and investigate the cause before continuing.

Oil-pressure warning illuminated on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you switch on dipped headlights before entering a tunnel?

65. Why should you switch on dipped headlights before entering a tunnel?

To reduce fuel consumption.
✓ To improve visibility and help other road users see you.
To reduce tyre wear inside the tunnel.
To keep the windscreen from misting.

Tunnel lighting may be much darker than daylight. Dipped headlights help you see and make your vehicle more visible.

Vehicle using dipped headlights before entering a tunnel
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

66. What does this vehicle-control symbol indicate?

Seat adjustment.
Cruise control.
✓ Steering-wheel adjustment.
Exterior mirror adjustment.

This control adjusts the position of the steering wheel. Depending on the vehicle, the steering wheel may be moved up or down and forwards or backwards to obtain a safe and comfortable driving position.

Control for adjusting the steering-wheel position
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why is it important to use bicycle lights at night?

67. Why is it important to use bicycle lights at night?

They make the bicycle easier to control.
They make reflective clothing unnecessary.
✓ They help you see and help others notice you.
They are needed only on roads without street lighting.

Front and rear lights improve visibility and make it easier for drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians to detect you.

Bicycle lights used when riding at night
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why can mixing alcohol with medicine be dangerous for drivers?

68. Why can mixing alcohol with medicine be dangerous for drivers?

Medicine prevents alcohol from causing drowsiness.
The combination is safe if taken with food.
✓ The combination may increase drowsiness or impairment.
Medicine can cancel out the effects of alcohol.

Some prescription and non-prescription medicines can intensify alcohol-related drowsiness, dizziness, poor coordination, or reduced concentration.

Alcohol and medicine as a driving-impairment risk
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the purpose of the anti-dazzle control on the rear-view mirror?

69. What is the purpose of the anti-dazzle control on the rear-view mirror?

To activate the reversing camera.
To heat the rear window.
To adjust the exterior mirrors.
✓ To reduce glare from headlights behind.

The anti-dazzle setting reduces glare from the headlights of vehicles behind, helping the driver maintain a clear view without being dazzled.

Anti-dazzle control on an interior rear-view mirror
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should a bicycle helmet fit?

70. How should a bicycle helmet fit?

Tilted back to keep your forehead clear.
Tight enough to feel uncomfortable.
✓ Level, secure, and comfortably fitted.
Loose enough to move slightly on your head.

A helmet should sit level on the head and remain securely in place so it can provide effective protection.

Bicycle helmet positioned securely on the rider's head
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

71. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

✓ Brake-system warning.
Brake-pad wear warning.
Parking brake applied.
Low tyre pressure.

This symbol indicates a possible brake-system fault. If it remains illuminated after the parking brake is released, stop safely and have the braking system checked.

Brake-system warning symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do before releasing the parking brake on a slope?

72. What should you do before releasing the parking brake on a slope?

✓ Make sure the vehicle is securely controlled before releasing it.
Turn the steering wheel fully.
Press the accelerator fully.
Select neutral and release all pedals.

Before releasing the parking brake on a slope, make sure the vehicle cannot roll unexpectedly. Use the service brake or, when moving off in a manual vehicle, establish the clutch biting point and sufficient power before releasing the parking brake.

Preparing to release the parking brake on a slope
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does Code 96 allow with a category B licence?

73. What does Code 96 allow with a category B licence?

✓ A trailer over 750 kg with a combination over 3,500 and up to 4,250 kg.
Any category B vehicle with any trailer.
A combination weighing more than 4,250 kg.
A trailer weighing more than 3,500 kg.

Code 96 allows a category B vehicle to tow a trailer over 750 kg when the combined maximum authorised mass exceeds 3,500 kg but does not exceed 4,250 kg. Code 96 is not a separate driving licence category.

Car and trailer combination for category B with Code 96
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid overtaking when approaching a pedestrian crossing?

74. Why should you avoid overtaking when approaching a pedestrian crossing?

Vehicles use more braking distance near crossings.
✓ A pedestrian may be hidden by the vehicle ahead.
The road surface is usually more slippery near crossings.
The crossing may make it harder to judge your speed.

A vehicle slowing or stopping near a pedestrian crossing may be hiding someone who is crossing. Overtaking could put you directly into the pedestrian's path.

Vehicles approaching a pedestrian crossing
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do at a railway crossing with warning lights flashing?

75. What should you do at a railway crossing with warning lights flashing?

✓ Stop before the crossing and wait until it is safe to proceed.
Cross quickly before the train reaches the crossing.
Follow the vehicle ahead across the tracks.
Continue if you cannot see or hear a train.

Flashing warning lights mean a train may be approaching. Stop before the crossing and wait until the warning has ended and the crossing is clear.

Flashing warning lights at a railway crossing
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when driving near a school area?

76. What should you do when driving near a school area?

Watch only for children already on the road.
Use your horn so children stay away from traffic.
Drive close behind other vehicles to keep traffic moving.
✓ Slow down and watch carefully for children.

Children near schools may cross unexpectedly or be hidden between parked vehicles. Reduce speed and be ready to stop.

Vehicle travelling near a school
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if a trailer begins to sway?

77. What should you do if a trailer begins to sway?

Steer quickly from side to side.
Brake hard as soon as the sway begins.
Move into another lane to create more space.
✓ Ease off the accelerator and reduce speed smoothly.

Sudden steering or braking can worsen trailer sway. Stay calm, hold a steady course, and reduce speed smoothly.

Trailer swaying behind a towing vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if your main beam could dazzle another driver?

78. What should you do if your main beam could dazzle another driver?

Keep the main beam on unless the other driver flashes you.
Flash the main beam briefly before passing.
✓ Switch to dipped headlights.
Reduce speed but leave the main beam on.

Main beam can dazzle other road users and reduce their visibility. Switch to dipped headlights whenever your main beam could dazzle another driver.

Headlight glare affecting another road user
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do with a manual parking brake before driving away?

79. What should you do with a manual parking brake before driving away?

✓ Release it fully.
Pull it up further.
Leave it partly applied.
Apply it only after moving off.

The manual parking brake should be released fully before driving away. Driving with it partly applied can cause unnecessary brake wear and overheating.

Releasing a manual handbrake before driving away
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if medicine makes you feel drowsy?

80. What should you do if medicine makes you feel drowsy?

✓ Do not drive until the effect has passed.
Open a window to stay alert.
Drive slowly and avoid motorways.
Drive only for short distances.

If a medicine causes drowsiness, your concentration, judgement, and reaction time may be reduced. Do not drive until you are fit to do so and the effect has passed.

Drowsiness after taking medicine
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when a traffic light turns red?

81. What should you do when a traffic light turns red?

Stop only if other traffic is approaching.
✓ Stop and wait until you may proceed.
Follow the vehicle ahead through the junction.
Continue if the junction appears clear.

A red traffic light means you must stop before the stop line, pedestrian crossing, or intersection unless a sign or signal indicates otherwise.

Red traffic light at a junction
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Who generally has priority at an uncontrolled intersection in Poland?

82. Who generally has priority at an uncontrolled intersection in Poland?

The vehicle travelling fastest.
The largest vehicle.
Traffic approaching from the left.
✓ Traffic approaching from the right.

At an uncontrolled intersection in Poland, you generally give way to traffic approaching from the right.

Vehicles approaching an uncontrolled junction from different directions
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the general minimum legal tread depth for car tyres in Poland?

83. What is the general minimum legal tread depth for car tyres in Poland?

2.0 mm.
1.0 mm.
✓ 1.6 mm.
1.5 mm.

The general minimum legal tread depth for car tyres in Poland is 1.6 mm. Higher minimums may apply to winter tyres, during winter periods or in winter conditions.

Measuring tread depth on a vehicle tyre
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

84. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

Engine-management warning.
✓ Service or maintenance required.
Charging-system warning.
Brake-system warning.

This symbol indicates that the vehicle requires servicing or maintenance. The exact meaning and required maintenance can vary between vehicles, so check the vehicle information display or owner's manual.

Service reminder symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when approaching an uncontrolled junction?

85. What should you do when approaching an uncontrolled junction?

Rely on the priority rule without reducing your speed.
Continue at normal speed unless another vehicle is visible.
✓ Slow down, look carefully in all directions, and proceed only when safe.
Enter first if you reach the junction before another vehicle.

At an uncontrolled junction, priority may not be obvious. Reduce speed, check carefully, and only enter when you are sure it is safe.

Vehicle approaching an uncontrolled junction
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should cyclists avoid riding in a large vehicle's blind spot?

86. Why should cyclists avoid riding in a large vehicle's blind spot?

✓ The driver may not be able to see them.
Blind spots matter only when a vehicle is reversing.
The driver can always hear a cyclist beside the vehicle.
Large vehicles always have priority when turning.

Buses and trucks have large areas where the driver cannot see cyclists, especially beside the vehicle and near turns.

Cyclist in a large vehicle's blind spot
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you normally do before starting an automatic vehicle?

87. What should you normally do before starting an automatic vehicle?

Select D and press the accelerator.
Select R and release the parking brake.
✓ Select P or N and press the brake pedal.
Leave the selector between two positions.

Before starting an automatic vehicle, make sure P (Park) or N (Neutral) is selected and press the brake pedal. Many automatic vehicles will only allow the engine to start when these conditions are met.

Gear selector and brake before starting an automatic vehicle
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

88. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

✓ Electronic stability control.
Anti-lock braking system.
Engine-management warning.
Low tyre pressure.

This symbol relates to the electronic stability control (ESC) system. It may flash when the system is actively helping to maintain stability. If it remains illuminated, the system may be switched off or have a fault.

Electronic stability control symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should a seat belt not be twisted when worn?

89. Why should a seat belt not be twisted when worn?

A twisted belt can cause the buckle to open.
A twisted belt makes the brakes less effective.
A flat belt makes the seat easier to adjust.
✓ A flat belt spreads collision forces more effectively.

A seat belt should lie flat against the body without twists. A twisted belt concentrates force over a smaller area and may provide less effective protection in a collision.

Twisted seat belt across an occupant's body
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why are tyre condition and pressure especially important on a motorcycle?

90. Why are tyre condition and pressure especially important on a motorcycle?

They mainly affect the engine temperature.
✓ They directly affect grip, stability, and braking.
They matter only when carrying a passenger.
They affect only comfort at high speed.

A motorcycle relies on a relatively small area of tyre contact with the road. Correct tyre pressure, tread and condition are important for grip, steering, stability and braking. Check the tyres regularly and follow the manufacturer's recommended pressures.

Checking the condition of a motorcycle tyre
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do if visibility is reduced by fog?

91. What should you do if visibility is reduced by fog?

✓ Slow down and use the correct lights.
Maintain normal speed if the road markings are visible.
Use hazard lights instead of normal headlights.
Use main beam to see further through the fog.

Fog makes it harder to see and be seen. Reduce speed, increase following distance, and use the correct lights.

Fog reducing visibility on a road
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

92. What does this dashboard symbol indicate?

✓ Rear fog lights.
Main beam.
Sidelights.
Front fog lights.

This symbol indicates that the rear fog lights are switched on. Rear fog lights make the vehicle more visible from behind in conditions of severely reduced visibility, but they can dazzle other road users when used unnecessarily.

Rear fog-light symbol on the dashboard
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you press the clutch pedal fully when changing gear?

93. Why should you press the clutch pedal fully when changing gear?

To apply the brakes.
To increase engine speed.
✓ To disengage the engine fully from the transmission.
To lock the gear lever in position.

Pressing the clutch pedal fully disengages the engine from the transmission, allowing the gear to be changed smoothly and reducing unnecessary wear on the gearbox and clutch.

Clutch pedal pressed fully for a gear change
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
How should you use the clutch and accelerator when moving off?

94. How should you use the clutch and accelerator when moving off?

Keep the clutch fully pressed while accelerating.
Release the clutch suddenly without using the accelerator.
✓ Release the clutch smoothly while applying the accelerator progressively.
Press the brake and accelerator together.

When moving off, release the clutch pedal smoothly through the biting point while applying the accelerator progressively. This helps the vehicle move away smoothly without stalling or excessive engine speed.

Coordinating the clutch and accelerator when moving off
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Which foot should normally operate the brake and accelerator in an automatic vehicle?

95. Which foot should normally operate the brake and accelerator in an automatic vehicle?

✓ The right foot.
Either foot at the same time.
The left foot.
Both feet together.

In an automatic vehicle, the right foot should normally operate both the brake and accelerator pedals. The left foot should rest on the footrest to reduce the risk of pressing both pedals at the same time.

Right-foot control of an automatic vehicle's pedals
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What is the minimum licence for a 35 kW motorcycle at 0.2 kW/kg, derived from 70 kW?

96. What is the minimum licence for a 35 kW motorcycle at 0.2 kW/kg, derived from 70 kW?

Licence AM.
Licence A.
Licence B.
✓ Licence A2.

Category A2 covers motorcycles with power not exceeding 35 kW and a power-to-weight ratio not exceeding 0.2 kW/kg. The motorcycle must not be derived from a vehicle with more than double its power, so a 35 kW motorcycle may be derived from a vehicle of up to 70 kW.

35 kW motorcycle for category A2
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you avoid using an ordinary extension lead to charge an electric vehicle?

97. Why should you avoid using an ordinary extension lead to charge an electric vehicle?

It prevents the vehicle from locking while charging.
It will always charge the vehicle too quickly.
✓ It may overheat because it is not designed for continuous high-power charging.
It prevents the charging port from closing afterwards.

An ordinary household extension lead may not be designed for the sustained electrical load required for EV charging and can overheat. Use suitable approved charging equipment and follow the vehicle and charging-equipment manufacturer's instructions.

Extension lead used for electric-vehicle charging
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
When should you select P (Park) in an automatic vehicle?

98. When should you select P (Park) in an automatic vehicle?

Whenever you want to reduce speed.
While the vehicle is still moving slowly.
Before braking to a stop.
✓ After the vehicle has come to a complete stop.

Select P (Park) only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop. Selecting Park while the vehicle is moving can damage the transmission.

Selecting Park after an automatic vehicle stops
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

99. Why should you leave a safe following distance inside a tunnel?

Because vehicles ahead cannot see you in their mirrors.
Because tunnels usually have a poor road surface.
✓ You need enough space to react if traffic slows or stops.
To make it easier for other vehicles to overtake.

Limited space and visibility can make incidents inside tunnels especially dangerous. A safe gap gives you more time to react.

Gap between vehicles travelling through a tunnel
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA
What should you do when driving on icy roads?

100. What should you do when driving on icy roads?

Brake firmly before bends to reduce speed.
✓ Drive slowly and avoid sudden braking, steering, or acceleration.
Use quick steering corrections if the vehicle starts to slide.
Maintain normal speed if the road appears clear.

Ice greatly reduces tyre grip. Drive gently, keep extra distance, and avoid sudden movements that could cause a skid.

Vehicle travelling on an icy road
AI-generated by Traffic-rules.com • WCIT • CC BY-SA