Book
Traffic rules
1. National speed
National speed limits are the default maximum speeds set by law for different types of roads when no specific speed limit signs are present. They vary depending on the road type, vehicle category, and country, and drivers must know and apply them automatically.
- Speed must always be adapted to conditions (weather, traffic, visibility).
- Lower limits may apply for specific vehicles (e.g. trucks).
A sign indicating the general speed limits of Finland. (National road 866, Finland) © Wikimedia.org/Timo Newton-Syms, CC BY-SA
2. Motorway
A motorway is a high-speed road designed for long-distance travel, with controlled access and no intersections or pedestrian traffic.
- High speed limits (often 100–130 km/h or 60–80 mph).
- Multiple lanes in each direction.
- No traffic lights or stop signs.
- No pedestrians, bicycles, or slow vehicles allowed.
- Entry and exit only through on-ramps and off-ramps.
- Often separated by a barrier or median.
- Different Names in Different Places:
- Motorway – UK, Ireland, parts of Europe.
- Freeway – USA (West Coast), Australia.
- Expressway – Canada, some parts of Asia.
- Interstate – USA (Interstate Highway System).
- Autobahn – Germany (some sections have no speed limit).
© Wikimedia.org/Dalibor Z. Chvatal, CC BY
3. Built-up area
A built-up area is a place where there are lots of buildings, people, and activity — basically, any area that looks and feels like a town or city.
- Lower speed limits usually apply (e.g. 30–50 km/h or 20–30 mph).
- You’ll see more pedestrians, cyclists, and parked cars.
- Need to be extra careful at crossings, junctions, and near schools.
Begin of a built-up area. (Finland) © Wikimedia.org/Santeri Viinamäki, CC BY-SA
4. Zone
A zone refers to an area on the road where certain traffic laws or restrictions apply. Ignoring zone rules can lead to fines, points, or even accidents
- Speed Zone – has a specific speed limit.
- School Zone – reduced speed when near a school.
- Parking Zone – controls where and how long you can park.
- Residential Zone – lower speed, watch for children.
- Low Emission Zone – limits access for polluting vehicles.
5. Speed limit
A speed limit is the maximum speed you are legally allowed to drive on a road. It helps keep drivers, passengers, and pedestrians safe by reducing the risk of accidents. Always adjust your speed for weather, traffic, and road conditions — even if you're below the speed limit!
- Helps prevent accidents.
- Gives drivers more time to react.
- Keeps traffic flowing smoothly.
- Protects people in areas like school zones or construction sites.
6. Footpath
A footpath (or sidewalk) is a designated path for pedestrians, usually alongside a road. Traffic rules for footpaths ensure the safety of pedestrians and maintain order in urban areas.
- No driving or parking on footpaths – Vehicles are not allowed to obstruct pedestrian paths.
- No riding bicycles or motorcycles (unless marked as a shared path).
- Give way to pedestrians at crossings – Always stop or slow down near footpath exits.
- Use the footpath only for walking – Do not walk on the road unless necessary.
- Keep to the left/right (depending on local rules) to allow smooth pedestrian flow.
- Do not block the path – Avoid standing in groups that obstruct others.
A path for pedestrians. (Helsinki, Finland) © Wikimedia.org/DreferComm, CC BY-SA
7. Shared-use path
A shared-use path, mixed-use path or multi-use pathway is a path which is 'designed to accommodate the movement of pedestrians and cyclists'. Examples of shared-use paths include sidewalks designated as shared-use, bridleways and rail trails. A shared-use path typically has a surface that is asphalt, concrete or firmly packed crushed aggregate. Shared-use paths differ from cycle tracks and cycle paths in that shared-use paths are designed to include pedestrians even if the primary anticipated users are cyclists.
- Physically separated from roads (unlike bike lanes).
- Wide enough to accommodate multiple users safely.
- Marked with signs & pavement symbols to guide different users.
- Smooth surfaces for easy mobility (asphalt, concrete, or packed gravel).
- Used for recreation & transportation in parks, greenways, and urban areas.
- Cyclists give way to pedestrians and announce when passing.
- No blocking the path – Keep moving or step aside.
8. Pedestrian warning
A pedestrian Warning is a traffic sign or signal that alerts drivers to the presence of pedestrians in an area. These warnings help improve road safety by making sure drivers slow down, yield, or stop when necessary to prevent accidents.
- Reduces accidents by making drivers more aware.
- Encourages safe pedestrian crossings in busy areas.
- Improves traffic flow by clearly marking pedestrian zones.
© Wikimedia.org/Åsblåsmås, CC BY-SA
9. Pedestrian zone
A pedestrian zone is an area where only people on foot are allowed — no cars, motorcycles, or other vehicles (unless specifically permitted, like for deliveries at certain times). It’s a space in a city or town meant to be safe and comfortable for walking, shopping, or relaxing — with no regular vehicle traffic.
- No entry for cars or motorcycles.
- Cyclists may be allowed, depending on local rules (often at walking speed).
- Sometimes delivery vehicles are allowed during specific hours.
- Often found in: city centers, shopping streets, tourist areas and near schools or parks.
10. Quay
A quay warning is a sign used near quays or docking areas to warn people of potential hazards related to the waterfront, docking operations, or ship movements. These signs are typically placed to ensure the safety of pedestrians, workers, and vessels around the quay area.
- Safety Alerts - They inform individuals about specific risks, such as slippery surfaces, moving ships, or high tides.
- Hazard Identification - Some signs may alert people to low visibility conditions, fast currents, or unprotected edges.
- Visibility - Provides clear and visible alerts to make individuals aware of hazards around the quay, docks, or waterfront.
© Wikimedia.org/Falk2, CC BY-SA