AduanaMundial

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21. Aduana

La aduana es el sistema de control aplicado cuando personas, vehículos o mercancías cruzan determinadas fronteras. Los funcionarios de aduanas pueden comprobar documentos, mercancías, equipaje, vehículos y el cumplimiento de normas sobre importación, exportación, impuestos y artículos restringidos.

Los conductores deben utilizar el canal o carril correcto, declarar las mercancías cuando sea obligatorio y seguir las instrucciones de los funcionarios. Los requisitos aduaneros dependen de los países implicados y del tipo de viaje o mercancía transportada.

What is customs?

Customs is the government service that controls goods entering or leaving a country or customs territory, collects applicable duties and taxes, and enforces restrictions on prohibited or regulated goods.

What is a customs checkpoint?

A customs checkpoint is a control point where drivers and passengers may be required to stop, declare goods and present documents. Vehicles, luggage and cargo may be inspected in accordance with local law.

How can you recognise a customs checkpoint?

It may be indicated by signs displaying words such as Customs, Douane, Zoll or another local-language equivalent. Barriers, traffic lights, lane arrows and instructions from officers may also control access.

Must you stop at a customs sign?

Yes, when the sign or officer requires it. Reduce speed, enter the indicated lane and stop at the line, barrier or place shown.

Is customs the same as passport control?

No. Customs primarily controls goods, money and cargo. Passport or immigration control concerns people, identity documents and permission to enter or leave a territory. Both controls may take place at the same border facility.

Is a customs border always the same as a national border?

No. Several countries may form a customs union with no routine customs formalities between them. Some territories may also have a different customs status from the country to which they belong.

Does every border have a permanent customs checkpoint?

No. Some borders have permanent facilities, while others have mobile, temporary or selective controls. Borders within a customs union may have no routine customs checkpoint.

Can customs checks take place away from a border?

Yes. Depending on local law, checks may occur at ports, ferry terminals, airports, warehouses, inspection areas or inland road-control locations.

What should you do when approaching customs?

Reduce speed, observe the lane signs and be prepared to stop. Keep the required identification, vehicle, travel and goods documents accessible and follow the officers’ instructions.

Which documents may customs request?

Customs may request identification, vehicle documents, receipts, invoices, transport papers, customs declarations, permits or proof of ownership, depending on the journey and goods carried.

Which goods must be declared?

Goods exceeding duty-free allowances, commercial goods and certain restricted products may require a declaration. The applicable rules depend on the customs territory, journey, quantity, value and intended use.

What do red and green customs channels mean?

Where these channels are used, the red channel is generally for travellers who have goods to declare or need assistance. The green channel is for travellers who believe they have nothing that must be declared. Using the green channel does not prevent an inspection.

Can customs inspect your vehicle or luggage?

Yes, subject to local law. Officers may examine luggage, cargo spaces, vehicle compartments and accompanying documents to verify that customs rules are being followed.

Does duty-free mean that goods never need to be declared?

No. Duty-free allowances normally apply only within specified values, quantities and conditions. Restricted goods or quantities exceeding an allowance may still require declaration and payment.

Must cash be declared?

Many countries require travellers carrying cash or other monetary instruments above a specified amount to make a declaration. The threshold, definition of cash and procedure differ between customs territories.

Do personal belongings count as imported goods?

Ordinary personal belongings used during a journey are often admitted without duties, but newly purchased, high-value, commercial or restricted goods may be subject to special requirements.

What rules apply to commercial cargo?

Commercial goods normally require customs documentation and may be subject to duties, taxes, inspections, permits, origin rules and transit procedures. The driver must carry the documents required for the shipment.

What are restricted goods?

Restricted goods may include certain foods, plants, animals, medicines, weapons, cultural objects, protected species, counterfeit products and hazardous materials. Requirements vary by country.

What happens if goods are not declared?

Undeclared goods may be detained or seized, and the traveller may have to pay duties, taxes, fines or other penalties. Serious cases may lead to criminal proceedings.

Whose instructions should you follow at a customs checkpoint?

Follow the instructions of authorised customs, police and border officers, together with traffic lights, barriers, lane signals and road signs.

1 Mundial 2 Autopista 3 Vía rápida 4 Zona residencial 5 Zona urbana 6 Zona 7 Límite de velocidad 8 Velocidad mínima 9 Velocidad recomendada 10 Senda peatonal 11 Carril bici 12 Vía compartida 13 Vía separada 14 Advertencia de peatones 15 Túnel 16 Puente 17 Calle ciclista 18 Zona peatonal 19 Resalto 20 Carretera de peaje 21 Aduana 22 Sentido único 23 Muelle 24 Pendiente 25 Carril bus 26 Parada de autobús 27 Calle sin salida 28 Señal de STOP 29 Ceda el paso 30 Glorieta 31 Vía con prioridad 32 Estrechamiento de calzada 33 Prioridad sobre el tráfico en sentido contrario 34 Ceda el paso al tráfico en sentido contrario 35 Paso de peatones 36 Paso a nivel 37 Dirección obligatoria 38 Prohibición de giro 39 Zona escolar 40 Adelantamiento 41 Cruce de animales 42 Calzada deslizante 43 Desprendimiento de rocas 44 Aeronaves 45 Curva 46 Panel direccional 47 Circulación en sentido contrario 48 Obras 49 Viento lateral 50 Límite de altura 51 Límite de anchura 52 Límite de longitud 53 Límite de peso 54 Señal de control de velocidad 55 Barreras selectivas 56 Zona de bajas emisiones 57 Señal de dirección en intersección 58 Prioridad en la próxima intersección 59 Semáforos 60 Advertencia de semáforos 61 Semáforos peatonales 62 Marcas viales 63 STOP en todos los accesos 64 Esquema de intersección 65 Carril para vehículos lentos 66 Zona avanzada para bicicletas 67 Circulación por la izquierda 68 Indicador de velocidad 69 Permiso de conducir 70 Marcador de ubicación 71 Número de carretera 72 Paneles de aproximación 73 Aseos públicos 74 Área de descanso 75 Espejo de tráfico 76 Teléfono de emergencia 77 Frontera internacional 78 Paso inferior peatonal 79 Ruta ciclista 80 Fin de restricción 81 Estacionamiento 82 Prohibido estacionar 83 Prohibido parar 84 Estacionamiento en línea 85 Aparcamiento disuasorio 86 Kiss and Ride 87 Estacionamiento alterno 88 Parquímetro 89 Disco de estacionamiento 90 Estacionamiento para personas con discapacidad 91 Gestión del tráfico 92 Incorporación 93 Marcha atrás 94 Cambio de sentido 95 Viaje compartido 96 Atasco 97 Desvío 98 Intersección sin regulación 99 Estado de la calzada 100 Banda sugerida para bicicletas ...