Traffic signsWorldwide
Traffic rules
Worldwide
26. Bus stop
A bus stop is a designated place where buses stop to allow passengers to board or leave. It may be identified by a sign, shelter, raised platform, road marking or other public-transport infrastructure and can be located beside the road or in a specially constructed stopping area.
Drivers approaching a bus stop should watch carefully for buses, pedestrians and passengers crossing or entering the roadway. Parking or stopping restrictions may apply around bus stops to keep the area accessible and visible.
Wikimedia.org • Györkő Zsombor • CC BY-SA
Can you park at a bus stop?
Parking or stopping at or near a bus stop is often restricted or prohibited so that buses can reach the stop safely. The exact restrictions depend on local traffic rules.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 141 and 223; national guidance example
27. Dead end
A dead-end road is a road that does not provide a through route for some or all vehicles. It may end completely, terminate at a barrier or continue as a path that only certain road users may use.
Drivers may normally enter a dead-end road to reach homes, businesses, parking places or other destinations, but they must be prepared to turn around or leave by the same route. Signs may indicate that pedestrians or cyclists can continue beyond the point where motor traffic cannot.
Wikimedia.org • Kasius Klej • CC BY
What is a dead-end road?
A dead-end road is a road that provides no through route for some or all vehicles. Traffic entering it normally has to return by the same route.
How can you recognise a dead end?
A dead end may be indicated by a blue rectangular sign showing a road blocked at one end. The exact colour, design and symbol vary between countries.
Dead end street.
Does a dead-end sign change the speed limit?
No. The normal road, zonal or posted speed limit remains applicable. Drivers should nevertheless reduce speed when space, visibility or nearby pedestrians require it.
Does a dead-end road have different priority rules?
No. Traffic lights, priority signs and the ordinary intersection rules continue to apply.
What should you do after entering a dead end by mistake?
Continue cautiously to a suitable turning place. Turn around or reverse only after checking carefully for pedestrians, cyclists, vehicles and other obstacles.
28. Stop sign
A stop sign requires drivers to bring their vehicle to a complete stop and give way before entering or crossing the road ahead. The stop must be made at the stop line or another legally prescribed position.
After stopping, the driver may continue only when this can be done safely and without interfering with traffic that has priority. The sign does not create priority for the driver who has stopped.
Wikimedia.org • Michael Rivera • CC BY-SA
What does a stop sign mean?
A stop sign requires a driver to come to a complete stop and give way before proceeding.
Stop and give way.
How can you recognise a stop sign?
A stop sign is commonly a red octagonal sign displaying the word STOP. Some countries use another legally recognised design, so drivers must learn the signs used locally.
What is the difference between a stop sign and a give-way sign?
A stop sign always requires a complete stop. A give-way sign requires the driver to yield but normally allows continued movement when the road is clearly free.
Does a stop sign impose a speed limit?
No. It imposes a stopping and yielding obligation. The normal posted or general speed limit remains applicable before and after the intersection.
What should you do when the stop sign is partly hidden?
If you recognise that a stop sign applies, reduce speed and obey it. Report damaged, obscured or missing signs to the responsible road authority where appropriate.
29. Give way
A give-way sign requires drivers to allow traffic with priority to proceed before entering, crossing or joining a road. Drivers must reduce speed, observe approaching traffic and stop when necessary.
Unlike a stop sign, a give-way sign does not always require a complete stop. The driver may continue without stopping only when the route is clearly safe and no road user with priority is forced to change speed or direction.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What does a give-way sign mean?
A give-way sign requires drivers to allow traffic with priority to proceed first. The driver must slow down and stop when necessary.
Give way.
Must you always stop at a give-way sign?
No. You must stop only when necessary to give way or obtain a sufficiently clear view. You may continue slowly when the road is clearly free.
What is the difference between give way and stop?
A stop sign always requires a complete stop. A give-way sign permits the driver to continue without stopping when the road is clearly free and it is safe to proceed.
Does a give-way sign change the speed limit?
No. It regulates priority rather than speed. Drivers must still approach slowly enough to observe traffic and stop when necessary.
How does give way work at a roundabout?
Many roundabout entrances have give-way signs requiring entering traffic to yield to vehicles already circulating. Drivers must follow the actual signs because roundabout priority rules differ between countries.
30. Roundabout
A roundabout is a circular road arrangement in which traffic travels around a central island in one designated direction. Vehicles enter and leave through connecting roads, and traffic signs or local rules determine who has priority.
Drivers should reduce speed, choose a suitable lane, observe all road users and signal as required when leaving. The direction of travel, entry priority, lane use and rules for cyclists and pedestrians depend on local traffic signs and regulations.
Wikimedia.org • Tabl-trai • CC BY-SA
Who has priority at a roundabout?
Follow the local priority rules, signs and signals. Entering traffic commonly gives way to circulating traffic, but the applicable rule depends on the country and layout.
🔗 gov.uk • UK Highway Code, Rule 185; 🔗 wegcode.be • Belgian Road Code, Article 12.3.1
Mandatory roundabout direction.
Warning for a roundabout.
How should you approach a roundabout?
Choose your exit early, read the signs and lane markings, and adjust your speed. Check the position of other road users before entering.
Which lane should you use?
Follow the lane arrows and destination signs. Choose an appropriate lane before entering and follow it towards your exit. Exact lane-selection rules vary between countries.
🔗 gov.uk • UK Highway Code, Rules 184 and 186; 🔗 wegcode.be • Belgian Road Code, Article 9.3.1
When should you use your indicators?
Check the local signalling rules. Belgium requires an indicator when leaving, but not when entering. In the UK, the approach signal depends on the intended exit.
🔗 wegcode.be • Belgian Road Code, Article 19.2; 🔗 gov.uk • UK Highway Code, Rule 186
How should you change lanes on a roundabout?
Check mirrors and blind spots, signal as required and move only when it is safe. Signalling does not give you priority. Follow the lane markings and local manoeuvring rules.
🔗 gov.uk • UK Highway Code, Rule 161; 🔗 wegcode.be • Belgian Road Code, Article 12.4
What should you check before leaving?
Look for cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians near your exit, and avoid cutting across another road user. Follow the local crossing and priority rules.
31. Priority road
A priority road is a road whose traffic is given priority over traffic entering from intersecting roads. It is normally identified by a priority-road sign, while an end sign indicates where that continuing priority status stops.
Drivers on a priority road must still obey traffic lights, authorised officers, speed limits, crossings and turning rules. Having priority never allows a driver to proceed when doing so would create danger or block an intersection.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What is a priority road?
A priority road is a road on which drivers normally have priority over traffic entering from intersecting side roads.
How can you recognise a priority road?
It is normally indicated by a priority-road sign at or near its beginning. A corresponding end sign indicates where its continuing priority status stops.
Start of a priority road.
End of the priority road.
Does an intersection end a priority road?
Not necessarily. A priority road commonly continues across successive intersections until an end sign or another legally defined change in priority.
Does a priority road have a special speed limit?
No. The applicable general, zonal or posted speed limit remains in force.
Do pedestrians still have priority at crossings?
Yes, where the applicable crossing rules give them priority. Priority over side-road traffic does not remove duties towards pedestrians.
32. Road narrowing
A road narrowing is a section where the available width of the road or carriageway becomes smaller. The narrowing may occur on both sides, on one side only, or because one or more traffic lanes end.
Drivers should reduce speed, observe approaching and adjacent traffic, maintain sufficient lateral clearance and merge when necessary. Warning signs do not always determine priority, so drivers must follow any priority signs, lane markings and local traffic rules.
Wikimedia.org • Florian Pépellin • CC BY-SA
What is a road narrowing?
A road narrowing is a section where the usable width of the road becomes smaller. Traffic may have less space to pass, merge or travel beside other road users.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Does a narrowing sign impose a speed limit?
No. It normally warns of danger rather than setting a numerical speed limit. Drivers must still reduce speed when necessary to pass safely.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for a road narrowing.
Warning for a road narrowing on the left.
Warning for a road narrowing on the right.
Does a narrowing sign determine who has priority?
Not by itself. Priority may be established by separate signs, signals or local rules. Without them, drivers should approach cautiously and cooperate.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
What should you do when another vehicle is already in the narrowing?
Allow it enough room to leave the narrow section. Do not enter if the available width is insufficient for both vehicles to pass safely.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
What should you do when your lane ends?
Check the adjacent lane, signal and merge safely according to the local merging rules. Do not force another driver to brake or leave the road.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
33. Priority over oncoming traffic
Priority over oncoming traffic means that drivers travelling in one direction have priority through a narrow section of road over drivers approaching from the opposite direction. The rule is normally indicated by a priority sign facing one direction and a corresponding give-way sign facing the other.
Drivers with priority must still approach cautiously and must not force their way through when the passage is blocked or already occupied. The signs regulate priority through the narrow section, not speed, parking or priority at nearby intersections.
Wikimedia.org • Xocolatl • CC BY-SA
What does priority over oncoming traffic mean?
It means that drivers travelling in your direction have priority through the narrow passage over drivers approaching from the opposite direction.
Does the sign give priority along the entire road?
No. It applies only to the particular narrow section associated with the sign.
Road narrowing, oncoming drivers have to give way.
Does it impose a speed limit?
No. Drivers must respect the applicable speed limit and approach slowly enough to stop safely if the passage is occupied.
Does the rule apply to cyclists and motorcycles?
It normally applies to all drivers, including cyclists and motorcyclists, but local law may define the exact road users covered.
What should you do when meeting a large vehicle?
Allow additional width and time. Buses, trucks and vehicles towing trailers may need most or all of the available road space.
34. Give way to oncoming traffic
Give way to oncoming traffic means that drivers must allow vehicles approaching from the opposite direction to pass first through a narrow section of road. The rule is normally indicated by a sign facing the direction that must yield and a corresponding priority sign facing oncoming traffic.
Drivers must reduce speed and stop when necessary before entering the narrow passage. They may continue only when they can do so safely and without obstructing oncoming traffic that has priority.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What does give way to oncoming traffic mean?
It means that you must allow drivers approaching from the opposite direction to pass through the narrow section first.
What sign does traffic at the opposite end see?
Drivers approaching from the opposite direction normally see a corresponding sign indicating that they have priority over oncoming traffic.
Road narrowing, give way to oncoming drivers.
Must you always stop at the sign?
No. You must stop only when necessary to give way. You may continue cautiously when the narrow passage is clear and no priority traffic is approaching.
What should you do when a bus or truck approaches?
Stop before the narrow section and leave additional space. Large vehicles may require most or all of the available road width.
Does the sign impose a speed limit?
No. It regulates priority rather than speed. Drivers must nevertheless approach slowly enough to observe oncoming traffic and stop safely.
35. Pedestrian crossing
A pedestrian crossing is a designated place where pedestrians may cross a road. It is commonly indicated by road markings, traffic signs, signals or a combination of these measures.
Drivers must approach with appropriate caution and give way when required by local law. Pedestrians must also observe approaching traffic and follow any pedestrian signals or instructions from authorised traffic controllers.
Wikimedia.org • Geoprofi Lars • CC BY-SA
What is a pedestrian crossing?
A pedestrian crossing is a designated place for pedestrians to cross a road. It may be controlled by traffic lights or operate without signals.
How can you recognise a pedestrian crossing?
It may be indicated by white road markings, traffic signs, flashing lights, pedestrian signals or a raised crossing. Its appearance varies between countries.
Crossing for pedestrians.
Warning for a pedestrian crossing.
Do pedestrians always have priority?
Not universally. Priority depends on local law, traffic signals and whether the pedestrian is already crossing or clearly preparing to cross.
Must drivers stop for pedestrians waiting beside the crossing?
This depends on local law. In many countries, drivers must give way when a pedestrian is clearly intending or preparing to enter the crossing.
Does a pedestrian crossing impose a speed limit?
Not by itself. Drivers must respect the applicable speed limit and reduce their speed further when necessary to stop safely.
36. Railway crossing
A railway crossing, also called a level crossing or railroad crossing, is a place where a road or path crosses railway tracks at the same level. It may be protected by barriers, warning lights, bells, traffic signs or a combination of these measures.
Road users must approach carefully and never enter when a train is approaching, warning signals are active or the exit is blocked. They should cross promptly and must never stop, wait or become trapped on the tracks.
Wikimedia.org • Kleeblatt187 • CC BY-SA
What is a railway crossing?
A railway crossing is a place where a road or path crosses railway tracks at the same level.
What is the difference between a crossing with and without barriers?
A protected crossing uses full or partial barriers to block road traffic when a train approaches. A crossing without barriers relies on signs, lights, bells or the road user’s own observation.
Warning for a railway crossing with barriers.
Warning for a railway crossing without barriers.
Warning for a railway crossing with one track.
Warning for a railway crossing with two or more tracks.
Must you always stop at a railway crossing?
Not in every case. Stop whenever required by signs, signals, barriers, an authorised person or national rules for your vehicle. Even without a stop requirement, approach cautiously, check for trains and enter only when you can clear the tracks completely.
What should you do at a crossing without lights or barriers?
Reduce speed, look and listen carefully in both directions and cross only after making sure that no train or other rail vehicle is approaching.
Do the crossing signals apply to pedestrians and cyclists?
Yes. Pedestrians and cyclists must obey barriers, lights, bells and authorised personnel in the same way as other road users.
37. Mandatory direction
A mandatory-direction sign requires drivers to travel only in the direction or one of the directions indicated by its arrow or arrows. It may require traffic to continue straight ahead, turn, or pass an obstacle on a specified side.
The sign does not itself determine priority or speed. Drivers must still use the appropriate lane, signal when required and give way according to local traffic signs and regulations.
Wikimedia.org • Atamari • CC BY-SA
What does a mandatory-direction sign mean?
It requires drivers to follow the direction or one of the directions shown by the arrow or arrows.
Does the sign impose a speed limit?
No. Drivers must follow the applicable general, zonal or posted speed limit and reduce speed when necessary to complete the required movement safely.
Does the sign give you priority?
No. You must still obey traffic lights, priority signs and the ordinary rules concerning oncoming traffic, pedestrians, cyclists and other road users.
Can a mandatory-direction sign apply to only one lane?
Yes. When it is positioned above a particular lane or clearly associated with that lane, it normally applies only to traffic using that lane.
Must you use an indicator?
Yes, when the required movement involves turning or changing position and local law requires signalling. The sign does not replace the obligation to indicate.
38. Turn prohibition
A turn prohibition prevents drivers from turning in the direction indicated by a traffic sign. It may prohibit a left turn, a right turn or a U-turn at an intersection or along a specified section of road.
Drivers must continue along a permitted route and follow any lane arrows or mandatory-direction signs. A turn prohibition does not itself determine priority or speed, and any exemption for cyclists, public transport or other road users must be expressly indicated.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What is a turn prohibition?
A turn prohibition prevents drivers from making a particular turn or change of direction indicated by a traffic sign.
Is a prohibited turn the same as a mandatory direction?
No. A prohibition sign identifies a movement that may not be made. A mandatory-direction sign identifies the direction or directions that must be followed.
Does a turn prohibition change priority?
No. Drivers making another permitted movement must still follow traffic lights, priority signs and the ordinary rules concerning pedestrians, cyclists and other vehicles.
Does a turn prohibition impose a speed limit?
No. The applicable general, zonal or posted speed limit remains in force.
Must you use an indicator for a permitted turn?
Yes, where local law requires it. Signal early enough to communicate your intention and stop signalling after completing the movement.
39. School area
A school area is a road or group of roads near a school where large numbers of children may walk, cycle, cross the road or enter and leave vehicles. It may be identified by warning signs, zone signs, road markings, traffic-calming measures or flashing lights.
Special speed limits, parking restrictions or access rules may apply permanently or only during school arrival and departure times. Drivers should reduce speed, watch carefully for children and be prepared to stop.
Wikimedia.org • Sebleouf • CC BY-SA
What is a school area?
A school area is a road or group of roads near a school where drivers should expect large numbers of children, pedestrians, cyclists and stopping vehicles.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
What is the speed limit in a school area?
There is no universal school-area speed limit. The applicable limit depends on the country, region, signs and whether a variable restriction is active.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for children.
Must you drive below the displayed limit?
Yes, when necessary. The displayed speed is a maximum. Children, congestion, poor visibility or vehicles stopping near the school may require a much lower speed.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Do children automatically have priority everywhere?
No. Priority depends on crossings, traffic lights, authorised crossing supervisors and local rules. Drivers must nevertheless take exceptional care to avoid endangering children.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
When do the school-area rules end?
Follow the locally defined extent of each restriction. A school warning sign alone does not necessarily create a special legal zone. A signed speed or access restriction may end at a specified boundary, time or end sign, according to local law.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
40. Overtaking
Overtaking is the act of passing another road user travelling in the same direction. It normally involves moving to another position or lane, passing the slower road user and returning to the appropriate position when it is safe.
Before overtaking, a driver should make sure there is sufficient visibility and space, check mirrors and blind spots, signal when required and ensure that no other road user is already overtaking. The manoeuvre must be completed without exceeding the speed limit or endangering other road users.
Wikimedia.org • Kirchenfan • CC0
On which side should you overtake?
In right-hand traffic countries, overtaking normally takes place on the left. In left-hand traffic countries, it normally takes place on the right. National rules can provide exceptions in particular situations.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 162–169; national guidance example
When should you not overtake?
Do not overtake where signs or road markings prohibit it or where visibility, approaching traffic, intersections, crossings, bends, hills or other conditions make the manoeuvre unsafe.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 162–169; national guidance example
41. Crossing animals
An animals-crossing warning indicates a place or road section where wild animals, livestock or ridden animals may enter or cross the road. Animals may appear suddenly, move unpredictably or be difficult to see in darkness, vegetation or poor weather.
Drivers should reduce speed, scan both sides of the road and remain prepared to stop. The warning sign does not itself give animals priority or impose a numerical speed limit, but drivers must avoid frightening, endangering or colliding with them.
Wikimedia.org • Pieter Delicaat • CC BY-SA
What does an animals-crossing sign mean?
It warns that animals may enter or cross the road in the area ahead.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for cattle on the road.
Warning for crossing deer.
Does the sign impose a speed limit?
No. The normal posted or general speed limit remains applicable, but drivers must reduce speed when necessary to react safely.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Do animals have priority because of the sign?
No automatic priority is created by the warning sign. Drivers must nevertheless avoid danger and allow animals already on the road to pass safely.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
How should you approach an animal-crossing area?
Reduce speed, increase your following distance and scan the road, verges, fields and vegetation for movement or reflected eyes.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
What should motorcyclists and cyclists do?
Reduce speed, keep both hands firmly in control and avoid sudden movements. Animals may react unexpectedly to quiet or fast-approaching two-wheeled vehicles.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 204–218; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
42. Slippery road
A slippery road has reduced tyre grip and can make steering, braking and acceleration less effective. Roads may become slippery because of rain, ice, snow, mud, oil, loose material or other substances on the surface. Drivers should reduce speed, increase their following distance and avoid sudden steering, braking or acceleration. Extra caution is needed in bends, on bridges and wherever the road surface changes unexpectedly.
Wikimedia.org • Mkummerer • CC BY-SA
What makes a road slippery?
A road can become slippery because of rain, ice, snow, mud, oil, loose material or other substances that reduce tyre grip.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
How should you drive on a slippery road?
Reduce speed, increase your following distance and use smooth steering, braking and acceleration. Sudden movements can cause the tyres to lose grip.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
Are bends more dangerous on slippery roads?
Yes. Turning requires tyre grip, so a slippery surface can make it easier for the vehicle to skid or leave its intended path, especially at higher speeds.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
43. Rockfall
A rockfall warning indicates a road section where rocks or stones may fall from a cliff, cutting or steep slope, or where fallen material may already be present on the road. The danger may affect the full carriageway and can appear suddenly.
Drivers should reduce speed, scan the road and slopes ahead, increase their following distance and remain prepared to stop. They should avoid unnecessary stopping in the exposed section and never attempt to move unstable rocks themselves.
Wikimedia.org • 武士の酒宴 • CC0
What does a rockfall warning mean?
It warns that rocks or stones may fall onto the road or may already be lying on the carriageway.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for falling rocks.
Does a rockfall sign impose a speed limit?
No. It normally warns of danger rather than setting a numerical limit. Drivers must reduce speed when necessary to react safely.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Does the sign change priority?
No. Traffic lights, priority signs and the ordinary priority rules remain applicable.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
How should you approach a rockfall area?
Reduce speed smoothly, increase your following distance and watch the road surface, slope, barriers and vehicles ahead for signs of falling or fallen material.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
What does a distance panel below the sign mean?
It may indicate how far ahead the danger begins. Another panel may indicate the length of the hazardous road section.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
44. Aircraft
An aircraft warning is a traffic warning indicating that aircraft may pass at low altitude above or close to the road, usually near an airport, airfield or flight path. The warning is intended to prepare drivers for the sudden appearance or noise of low-flying aircraft.
Drivers should remain focused on the road and avoid sudden braking or steering movements if an aircraft passes overhead. The design and use of aircraft warning signs vary between countries.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What does an aircraft warning mean?
An aircraft warning alerts drivers that aircraft may pass at low altitude over or near the road.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for low-flying aircraft.
How should you react to a low-flying aircraft?
Continue to concentrate on the road and avoid sudden braking, steering or other unnecessary manoeuvres because of the aircraft.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
45. Curve
A curve is a section of road that changes direction to the left or right. A sharp, unexpected or poorly visible curve can reduce a driver’s view of approaching traffic, stopped vehicles, pedestrians and other hazards.
Drivers should reduce speed before entering the curve, remain within their lane and use smooth steering, braking and acceleration. Warning signs may indicate the direction of the first curve or a series of successive curves.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What is a road curve?
A road curve is a section where the road changes direction to the left or right.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Does a curve-warning sign impose a speed limit?
No. It normally warns of danger rather than setting a numerical limit. Drivers must still reduce speed when the permitted maximum would be unsafe.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Warning for a curve to the left.
Warning for a curve to the right.
How fast should you drive through a curve?
Choose a speed that allows you to remain in your lane and stop within the distance you can see to be clear. The safe speed may be far below the legal maximum.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
May you stop or park in a curve?
Only where it is permitted and the vehicle remains clearly visible. Stopping or parking in a poorly visible curve may create a serious hazard and is often prohibited.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
Why should motorcyclists take extra care?
Motorcycles require grip for both cornering and braking. Riders should reduce speed before the curve, choose a stable line and avoid painted markings, gravel and slippery surfaces.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
🔗 gov.uk • UK Department for Transport, Know Your Traffic Signs, warning signs
46. Chevron
A chevron is a V-shaped or arrow-shaped road marker used to show a sharp change in the direction of a road. Chevron boards are normally placed along the outside of a curve so that their points indicate the direction in which the road continues.
Chevrons improve the visibility and alignment of a curve, especially in darkness or poor weather. They do not normally impose a speed limit or determine priority, so drivers must reduce speed before the curve and follow all other signs and road markings.
Wikimedia.org • KlausFoehl • CC BY-SA
What is a road chevron?
Here, a chevron means a roadside arrow-shaped or V-shaped alignment board guiding drivers through a bend or change of direction. Chevron-shaped road markings can have different meanings, so check the actual device and local rules.
Does a chevron impose a speed limit?
No. It guides drivers through the change in direction but does not normally introduce a numerical speed limit.
Does a chevron show a recommended speed?
Not by itself. A separate advisory-speed or speed-limit sign may indicate an appropriate or legally required speed.
Does a chevron determine priority?
No. Traffic lights, priority signs and the ordinary priority rules remain applicable.
How should you approach chevrons?
Reduce speed before the curve, observe the direction of the boards and remain within your traffic lane.
47. Wrong-way driving
Wrong-way driving occurs when a driver travels against the legally permitted direction of traffic. It may happen on a one-way road, divided road, motorway entrance or exit, or another road section reserved for traffic travelling in one direction.
Wrong-way driving creates an extreme risk of a head-on collision. Drivers must follow direction signs, no-entry signs, lane arrows and road markings. Anyone who accidentally enters a road in the wrong direction should slow down, warn other traffic, stop in the safest available place and contact the emergency services.
Wikimedia.org • Jean Housen • CC BY-SA
What is wrong-way driving?
Wrong-way driving means travelling against the legally permitted direction of traffic.
🔗 polizei.bayern.de • Bavarian Police, information and advice on wrong-way driving; German example
Where can wrong-way driving occur?
It can occur on one-way streets, divided roads, motorways, slip roads, tunnels, car parks and temporary traffic arrangements.
🔗 polizei.bayern.de • Bavarian Police, information and advice on wrong-way driving; German example
How can you recognise a prohibited direction?
Look for no-entry signs, one-way signs, mandatory-direction signs, lane arrows and road markings. Motorway exits may also have repeated signs or warning systems facing the wrong direction.
🔗 polizei.bayern.de • Bavarian Police, information and advice on wrong-way driving; German example
What should you do when you see a wrong-way driver?
Reduce speed safely, increase your distance from other vehicles and avoid overtaking or abrupt lane changes. Follow local emergency guidance and contact the police as soon as you can do so safely. For example, Bavarian Police advise using the right-hand lane in Germany; do not transfer that lane choice automatically to countries with left-hand traffic.
🔗 polizei.bayern.de • Bavarian Police, information and advice on wrong-way driving; German example
Should you attempt to stop the wrong-way driver?
No. Do not block, chase or turn after the vehicle. Protect yourself and allow trained emergency services to intervene.
🔗 polizei.bayern.de • Bavarian Police, information and advice on wrong-way driving; German example
48. Roadworks
Roadworks are construction, maintenance, repair or inspection activities carried out on or beside a road. They may temporarily change the road layout, lane widths, speed limits, priority, permitted directions and facilities for pedestrians or cyclists.
Drivers must follow the temporary signs, traffic lights, barriers, road markings and instructions from authorised personnel. They should reduce speed, increase their following distance and remain prepared for narrow lanes, stopped traffic, workers, machinery and sudden changes in the route.
Wikimedia.org • Kirchenfan • CC0
What are roadworks?
Roadworks are construction, maintenance, repair or inspection activities carried out on or beside a road.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 288–290; national guidance example
How can you recognise roadworks?
They may be indicated by a roadworks warning sign, cones, barriers, temporary markings, flashing lights, machinery or workers.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 288–290; national guidance example
Warning for roadworks.
Does a roadworks sign impose a speed limit?
No, not by itself. A separate temporary or permanent speed-limit sign establishes the legal maximum speed.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 288–290; national guidance example
Who has priority when your lane is obstructed?
Without another traffic control, the driver whose route is obstructed commonly has to yield before moving into the path of approaching or adjacent traffic.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 288–290; national guidance example
Do ordinary traffic rules still apply?
Yes. Rules concerning safe speed, following distance, signalling, priority and vulnerable road users continue to apply unless a lawful temporary arrangement changes them.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 288–290; national guidance example
49. Crosswind
Crosswind is wind blowing across the direction of travel and can push a vehicle sideways or affect its stability. Strong or sudden gusts are especially dangerous for motorcycles, bicycles, caravans, trailers and high-sided vehicles. Drivers should reduce speed, keep a firm but relaxed grip on the steering wheel and allow extra space from other road users. Particular care is needed on bridges, exposed roads and when passing large vehicles or leaving sheltered areas, where a sudden change in wind force can move the vehicle unexpectedly.
Wikimedia.org • Marc Mongenet • CC BY-SA
What is a crosswind?
A crosswind is wind that blows across the direction in which a vehicle is travelling and can push it sideways.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
Why are crosswinds dangerous when driving?
Strong crosswinds and sudden gusts can affect steering and vehicle stability, particularly at higher speeds or on exposed roads.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
How should you drive in strong crosswinds?
Reduce speed, keep a firm but relaxed grip on the steering wheel and allow extra space from other road users. Be prepared to correct the vehicle smoothly when gusts change direction or strength.
🔗 gov.uk • Great Britain Highway Code, Rules 226–237; national guidance example
50. Height limit
A height limit prohibits vehicles whose total height exceeds the value shown from entering or passing a road section, bridge, tunnel, gateway or other structure. The vehicle’s height includes its load and any equipment attached above it.
Drivers of high vehicles must know their exact height, observe advance warnings and use an alternative route when necessary. They should never rely only on visual judgement or attempt to pass beneath a structure when safe clearance is uncertain.
Wikimedia.org • ermell • CC BY-SA
What does a height-limit sign mean?
It prohibits vehicles whose total height exceeds the displayed value from continuing beyond the sign.
Vehicles higher than indicated prohibited.
How can you recognise a height-limit sign?
It is commonly a circular regulatory sign showing a height in metres, feet or another local unit between vertical arrows.
Does the limit apply to trailers?
Yes. Every part of a vehicle combination must fit beneath the restriction, including the towing vehicle, trailer and load.
Does the sign change priority?
No. Traffic lights, priority signs and ordinary priority rules remain applicable.
What should you do when your vehicle is too high?
Do not continue. Stop where safe and follow the signed diversion or another suitable route. Do not reverse into traffic without assistance.